Deploy code and migrate static files and data | Magento 2 Developer Documentation

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Prepare to deploy to Staging and Production

To migrate your database and static files to Staging and Production:

Deploy code
Migrate static files
Migrate the database

If you encounter errors or need to change project configuration, complete the required updates in your local environment. Then, push the code changes to the Integration environment to deploy and test before pushing to Staging and Production environments.

Deploy code to Staging and Production

You can use the Project Web Interface or SSH and CLI commands to deploy your code to Staging and Production.

Deploy code with the Project Web Interface

The Project Web Interface provides features to create, manage, and deploy code in Integration, Staging, and Production environments for Starter and Pro plans.

For Pro projects, deploy the Integration branch to Staging and Production:

Log in to your project.
Select the Integration branch.
Select the Merge option to deploy to Staging. Complete all testing.
Select the Staging branch.
Select the Merge option to deploy to Production.

For Starter, deploy the development branch you created to Staging and Production (master):

Log in to your project.
Select the prepared code branch.
Select the Merge option to deploy to Staging. Complete all testing.
Select the Staging branch.
Select the Merge option to deploy to Master.

Use the merge option to deploy

Deploy code with SSH and CLI

You can use the Magento Cloud CLI commands to deploy code to Starter and Pro environments. You need SSH and Git access to your project. See prepare for deployment.

Prerequisites:

Step 1: Deploy and test the Integration environment

After logging into the project, check out the Integration environment:

magento-cloud environment:checkout <environment-ID>

Synchronize your local Integration environment with the remote environment:

magento-cloud environment:synchronize <environment-ID>

Create a snapshot of the environment as a backup:

magento-cloud snapshot: create -e <environment-ID>

Update code in your local branch as needed.

Add, commit, and push changes to the environment.

git add -A && git commit -m "Commit message" && git push magento <environment-ID>

Complete site testing.

Step 2: Merge changes to Staging and deploy

Check out the Staging environment:

magento-cloud environment:checkout <environment-ID>

Synchronize your local Staging environment with the remote environment:

magento-cloud environment:synchronize <environment-ID>

Create a snapshot of the environment as a backup:

magento-cloud snapshot: create -e <environment-ID>

Merge the Integration environment to Staging to deploy:

magento-cloud environment:merge <Integration-ID>

Complete site testing.

Step 3: Deploy to Production

Check out, synchronize, and create a snapshot of your local Production environment.

Merge the Staging environment to Production to deploy:

magento-cloud environment:merge <Staging-ID>

Complete site testing.

Migrate static files

Static files are stored in mounts. There are two methods for migrating files from a source mount location, such as your local environment, to a destination mount location. Both methods use the rsync utility, but we recommend using the magento-cloud CLI for moving files between the local and remote environment. And we recommend using the rsync method when moving files from a remote source to a different remote location.

Migrate files using the CLI

You can use the mount:upload and mount:download CLI commands to migrate files between the local and remote environment. Both commands use the rsync utility, but the CLI commands provide options and prompts tailored to the Magento Commerce Cloud environment. For example, if you use the simple command with no options, the CLI prompts you to select which mount or mounts to upload or download.

magento-cloud mount:download

Sample response:

Enter a number to choose a mount to download from:
  [0] app/etc
  [1] pub/static
  [2] var
  [3] pub/media
  [4] All mounts
 > 3

Target directory: ~/pub/media/

Downloading files from the remote mount pub/media to pub/media

Are you sure you want to continue? [Y/n] Y

To upload files from a local pub/media/ folder to the remote pub/media/ folder for the current environment:

magento-cloud mount:upload --source /path/to/project/pub/media/ --mount pub/media/

Sample response:

Uploading files from pub/media to the remote mount pub/media

Are you sure you want to continue? [Y/n] Y

  building file list ...   done
  ./
  sample-file.jpeg

  sent 8.43K bytes  received 48 bytes  3.39K bytes/sec
  total size is 154.57K  speedup is 18.23

Use the --help option for the mount:upload and mount:download commands to see more options. For example, there is a --delete option to remove extraneous files during the migration.

Migrate files using rsync

Alternatively, you can use the rsync utility to migrate files.

rsync -azvP <source> <destination>

This command uses the following options:

a–archive
z–compress files during the migration
v–verbose
P–partial progress

See the rsync man page.

To transfer media from remote-to-remote environments directly, you must enable SSH agent forwarding, see GitHub guidance.

To migrate static files from remote-to-remote environments directly (fast approach):

Use SSH to log in to the source environment. Do not use the magento-cloud CLI. Using the -A option is very important because it enables forwarding of the authentication agent connection.

To find the SSH access link in your Project Web Interface, select the environment and click Access Site.
```
1
ssh -A <environment_ssh_link@ssh.region.magento.cloud>
```

Use the rsync command to copy the pub/media directory from your source environment to a different remote environment.

rsync -azvP pub/media/ <destination_environment_ssh_link@ssh.region.magento.cloud>:pub/media/

Migrate the database

Database import and export operations can take a long time, which can affect site performance and availability. Schedule import and export operations during off-peak hours to prevent slow performance or outages on Magento Production sites.

Prerequisite: A database dump (see Step 3) should include database triggers. For dumping them, confirm you have the TRIGGER privilege.

Important: The Integration environment database is strictly for development testing and can include data that you do not want to migrate into Staging and Production.

For continuous integration deployments, we do not recommend migrating data from Integration to Staging and Production. You could pass testing data or overwrite important data. Any vital configurations will be passed using the configuration file and setup:upgrade command during build and deploy.

We do recommend migrating data from Production into Staging to fully test your site and store(s) in a near-production environment with all services and settings.

To transfer media from remote-to-remote environments directly you must enable ssh agent forwarding, see GitHub guidance

To migrate a database:

SSH into the environment you want to create a database dump from:

ssh -A <environment_ssh_link@ssh.region.magento.cloud>

List the environment relationships to find the database login information:

php -r 'print_r(json_decode(base64_decode($_ENV["MAGENTO_CLOUD_RELATIONSHIPS"]))->database);'

Create a database dump file in gzip format:

mysqldump -h <database host> --user=<database username> --password=<password> --single-transaction --triggers <database name> | gzip - > /tmp/database.sql.gz

For Starter environments and Pro Integration environments, use main as the name of the database.

For Pro Staging and Production environments, the name of the database is in the MAGENTO_CLOUD_RELATIONSHIPS variable (typically the same as the application name and username).

If you have configured two-factor authentication on the target environment, it is better to exclude related 2FA tables to avoid reconfiguring it after database migration:

mysqldump -h <database host> --user=<database username> --password=<password> --single-transaction --triggers --ignore-table=tfa_user_config --ignore-table=tfa_country_codes <database name> | gzip - > /tmp/database.sql.gz

Transfer the database dump to another remote environment with the rsync command:

rsync -azvP /tmp/database.sql.gz <destination_environment_ssh_link@ssh.region.magento.cloud>:/tmp

Type logout to terminate the SSH connection.

Open an SSH connection to the environment you want to migrate the database into:

ssh -A <destination_environment_ssh_link@ssh.region.magento.cloud>

Import the database dump:

zcat /tmp/database.sql.gz | mysql -h <database_host> -u <username> -p<password> <database name>

The following example references the gzip file created by the database dump operation:

zcat /tmp/database.sql.gz | mysql -h database.internal -u user main

Troubleshooting the database migration

If you encounter the following error, you can try to create a database dump with the DEFINER replaced:

ERROR 1277 (42000) at line <number>: Access denied; you need (at least one of) the SUPER privilege(s) for this operation

This error occurs because the DEFINER for the triggers in the SQL dump is the production user. This user requires administrative permissions.

To solve this problem, you can generate a new database dump changing or removing the DEFINER clause as shown in the following example:

mysqldump -h <database host> --user=<database username> --password=<password> --single-transaction <database name>  | sed -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=[ ]*[^*]*\*/\*/' | gzip > /tmp/database_no-definer.sql.gz

Use this command to import the database dump file:

zcat /tmp/database.sql.gz | sed -e 's/DEFINER[ ]*=[ ]*[^*]*\*/\*/' | mysql -h <database_host> -u <username> -p <password> <database_name>

After migrating the database, you can set up your stored procedures or views in Staging or Production the same way you did in your Integration environment.